This paper presents a new multiple disinfection operation problem (MDOP) in which several buildings have to be sprayed with various disinfectants. The MDOP seeks to minimize the total cost of disinfection Operations for all buildings. The problem is different from the typical vehicle routing problem since: (a) each building has to receive multiple spray applications of disinfectants; (b) the final spray application of disinfectant in each building is fixed; and (c) for safety, the time interval between two consecutive spray applications of disinfectants for each building must meet or exceed a specified minimum. The MDOP problem is NP-hard and difficult to solve directly. In this paper, we firstly develop an efficient encoding of spray Operations to simultaneously determine the optimal Sequence of buildings and their respective treatments with spray disinfectants. Secondly, we adopt immune algorithm to solve the presented MDOP. Finally, as a demonstration of our method, we solve the problem for a campus case to determine the optimal disinfection strategy and routes assuming both single and multiple vehicle scenarios. Numerical results of immune algorithm are discussed and compared with those of genetic algorithm and PSO to show the effectiveness of the adopted algorithm.

Technological advancements have fueled heightened competition in manufacturing, compelling companies to adopt strategies prioritizing swift, timely, and high-quality customer service. This necessitates seamless integration of supportive systems such as resources, equipment, facilities, and workforce, underscoring the criticality of scheduling in aligning activities and resources for on-time task completion. Scheduling, inseparable from sequencing, is pivotal in optimizing manufacturing and service industries' Operations. However, challenges arise when tasks converge with limited facility capacities, necessitating effective resource allocation. By leveraging mathematical techniques and heuristic methods, scheduling optimizes resource utilization, minimizes production costs, and enhances service quality. Despite its significance, existing models often overlook critical aspects like identical job consideration and Sequence-dependent setup times, limiting real-world applicability. This research addresses these gaps by proposing robust mathematical models for intricate scheduling requirements. The proposed approach seeks to optimize manufacturing Operations by effectively handling complex scheduling needs, thereby minimizing production costs and enhancing operational efficiency. This research endeavours to advance scheduling optimization strategies through real-world implementation and evaluation and contribute to the manufacturing industry's sustainable growth.

Introduction: Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS), previously termed Pierre Robin syndrome, consists of three congenital abnormalities: micrognathia (small mandible), glossoptosis, and cleft palate. In Pierre Robin Sequence, the events occur in Sequence, with one defect leading to the next. PRS occurs with an incidence of 1 in 8500 to 25000. Affected newborns have varying degrees of airway obstruction, often in association with gastroesophageal reflux and feeding difficulties. Intervention is mostly aimed at restoring a patent airway.Case Reports: Airway management in the infant with Pierre Robin Sequence can be very challenging because of difficulty with mask ventilation and intubation. Our patient was a 4-year old boy with Robin Sequence scheduled for dental repair under general anesthesia. He had a history of palate repair 3 years ago. After inhalation induction with sevofluran, nitrous-oxide in oxygen‚ under spontaneous ventilation, initial laryngeal view with the conventional Macintosh laryngoscope revealed Cormack-Lehane grade IIӀ due to restricted mouth opening and micrognathia. Nasal intubation for two times under the spontaneous respiration were unsuccessful. We fiberoptically intubated the patient with uncuffed tracheal tube (ID 5 mm) while allowing him to breathe spontaneously. Extubation was done with the patient fully awake and with emergency airway equipment immediately available. Postoperatively, he was transferred to intensive care unit where he could be observed closely for delayed complications of airway obstruction.Conclusion: Managing the airway of patients with craniofacial abnormalities can potentially be difficult. Therefore we recommend even simple treatment procedures to be carried out by experienced anesthesiologists, with a variety of different airway devices available such as flexible fiberoptic‚ Storz video laryngoscope and Airtraq optical laryngoscope.

Background: Due to some problems of serological assays in diagnosis of patients infected with HIV-1 and HCV, the use of molecular assay has become widely accepted. However, molecular assays have a major drawback of high cost and dependency to expensive thermocycler instruments.Methods: This research described the development of a multiplex nucleic acid Sequence-based amplification (NASBA) assay for the simultaneous or single detection of HIV-1 and HCV genomes in plasma samples. The sensitivity and specificity of this assay has been evaluated using several clinical samples.Findings: The results showed that the primers used in this assay did not have any interactions with each other or with other possible interfering agents. The analytical sensitivity of this assay for both HIV-1 and HCV was calculated as 1000 copies/ml. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the assay were considered as 90% and 100%, respectively.Conclusion: The developed multiplex NASBA assay can be used for simultaneous or single detection of HIV-1 and HCV viruses with a suitable sensitivity and specificity. Due to easy application, multiplexity, and no need to thermocycler instruments, this assay can be used as a low cost method in laboratories with limited instruments.

Soft set theory has been well-known as an innovative approach to managing uncertainty-related problems and modelling uncertainty since Molodtsov introduced it in 1999. It has been applied in a variety of contexts, both theoretical and practical. The core concept of the theory, soft set Operations, has piqued the curiosity of researchers ever since it was developed. A number of restricted and extended soft set Operations have been defined, and their characteristics have been investigated. In this study, we present a new restricted and extended soft set operation, which we refer to as extended gamma and restricted gamma operation, and we study their fundamental algebraic properties in detail. Additionally, this operation's distributions over other soft-set Operations are examined. Considering the algebraic properties of the extended gamma operation and its distribution rules, we show that when combined with other types of soft sets, it forms several important algebraic structures, like semirings and near-semirings, in the collection of soft sets over the universe. This theoretical study is highly significant from both a theoretical and practical standpoint, as the main notion of the theory is the Operations of soft sets, which provide the basis for many applications, such as cryptology and optimal decision-making procedures.

Laparoscopy is a closed & two dimentional operation, the result of operation depends on many factors, the surgeons skill is the most important factor, availability & variability of instruments are the second factor. I will introduce a new myoma dissector which does 3 functions at the same time; it can cut, cauterize & dissect simultaneosly which shortens operative time & decreaseblood loss. Application of this instrument & intracorporeal suturing technique will be shown.The next operation is Laparoscopic Strassman Metroplasty of bi cornuate uterus, the mean prevalence of uterine malformations in infertile women is approximately 3.5%, and in patients with recurrent pregnancy losses, it is approximately 13%. Bicornuateuteri form in 25%of these cases. This is a case presentation of 26 year old lady who has had 2 second trimister prenancy losses. Finally triple puncture laparoscopic hystrectomy using Ligasure & set of uterine manipulator with no need for ureteral dissection will be presented.

A communication network can be considered to be highly vulnerable to disruption if the failure of few members (nodes or links) can result in no members being able to communicate with very many others‎. ‎These communication networks can be modeled through graphs‎. ‎There are several graph-theoretic parameters to describe the stability of graphs‎. ‎But‎, ‎these parameters are not sufficient to study stability of graphs‎. ‎This leads to the concept of integrity of a graph‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we obtain the integrity of some graph Operations and some special graphs which can help us to reconstruct the given network in such a way that it is more stable than the earlier one‎.

Backgrounds: Operations research (OR) is basically concerned with the relationship between scientific modeling and the application of models in social contexts. This problematic is also central in core domains of the management sciences (MS). Researches have recently outlined a perspective on the relationship between OR models and ethics that squarely ties ethical engagement to daily practice and, more specifically, to the manner in which a practitioner uses a model or other techniques in a particular setting.Methods: In this review paper several challenges of introducing ethical aspects into OR are discussed, evidencing difficulties and ambiguities in the relationship to be established between the OR practitioner and his/her clients, decision-makers or stakeholders. Also many ethical challenges of OR have been surveyed for understanding the interplay between social science, institutional design, and expertiseConclusions: It showed that neither analysis nor modeling work nor the choice of analytical tools was entirely ethically neutral; incomparability, incommensurability and incertitude should be dealt with. The complexity of the relationship between ethical values and the identification of collective goals helped understand why the problems of efficiency and expertise had come to the forefront of ethical analysis. To solve this problem, Operations research associations and institutions have been formulated ethics and social values in ehics codes, but the localization is needed for the application of them.